Embedded systems refer to specialized computing systems designed to perform dedicated functions within larger mechanical or electrical devices. Unlike general-purpose computers, embedded systems are typically resource-constrained, with limited processing power, memory, and energy, tailored to tasks like controlling hardware in cars, appliances, medical devices, or IoT gadgets. Programming for embedded systems often involves languages like C or C++ due to their efficiency and ability to interact directly with hardware. Developers in this field must optimize code for real-time performance, manage interrupts, and interface with microcontrollers or sensors. Embedded systems are ubiquitous in modern life, powering everything from smart thermostats to industrial machinery, blending software and hardware to create reliable, task-specific solutions.